Examples of responses to R-CHOP preceded by NGR-hTNF. (A) Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted scan shows a large homogeneous enhancing lesion in the right parietal lobe (arrows) in a 65-year-old man at second relapse after high-dose methotrexate and after salvage high-dose ifosfamide-based therapy plus WBRT. (B) Tumor regression after 4 courses of experimental treatment. (C) Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted scan shows a large polylobate, enhancing lesion infiltrating the basal ganglia, diencephalon, and left temporal lobe (arrows) in a 39-year-old man with PCNSL refractory to previous high-dose methotrexate-based chemoimmunotherapy. (D) Tumor regression after 4 courses of experimental treatment.