Analysis with CD86 reveals kinetics and function of LSKs during infection. (A) Cell kinetics of LSKs and L86Ks after treatment with LPS (5 mg/kg); n = 3 per time-point. (B-C) Naive LSKs (CD45.1⁺) were mixed with LSKs or CD86⁺ LSKs (CD45.1⁺CD45.2⁺) obtained from mice 24 hours after LPS treatment at a 1:1 ratio and transferred into lethally irradiated CD45.2⁺ recipient mice as shown in supplemental Figure 8. The ratio of CD45.1⁺ and CD45.1⁺CD45.2⁺ donor cells in the circulating blood was examined for 8 months (n = 8, LPS total LSKs vs naive LSKs; n = 7, LPS CD86⁺ LSKs vs naive LSKs). Representative FCM plots for circulating leukocytes 2 months after cell transfer are shown in panel B. (D) Frequencies of CD34⁻ LT-HSCs in LSKs and CD86⁺ LSKs were examined before and 24 hours after LPS treatment. The numbers on the FCM plots indicate the frequencies of the gated populations. *P < .05, 1-way ANOVA. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments (A and D) or from 2 independent experiments (B and C) (error bars in panels A, C, and D represent SEM).