A, Schematic of the T cell-targeted DNA nanocarrier used in the authors’ experiments. The inset shows a transmission electron micrograph of a representative nanoparticle (scale bar, 100 nm). Also depicted are the two plasmids that were encapsulated into the nanoparticles; these encode an all-murine 194-1BBz chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the hyperactive iPB7 transposase. EF1A, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1; BGH PA, bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal; ampicillin resistance gene; ORI, origin of replication. B, Diagram describing the fabrication of the poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles. Also shown are the chemical structures of the PBAE 447 polymer and polyglutamic acid, as well as the amino acid sequence of the microtubule-associated-nuclear localization (MTAS-NLS) peptide.