A. Experimental protocol. Patient derived T-ALL xenografts were established by intravenous injection into 20 NOD.SCID mice on day 0. When leukemia burden reached 1% in peripheral blood, mice were treated with a combination of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, daily) and vincristine )0.15 mg/kg, weekly) for 4 weeks. On day 69, mice were given a single intravenous injection of anti-IL7Rα 4A10 and 2B8 (250 µg of each MAb) or PBS on day 69. B. Chemotherapy resistant leukemia was detected in the blood of mice at day 61 (n = 3). C. Growth of chemotherapy resistant leukemia was controlled by a single injection of anti-human IL-7Rα 4A10 combined with 2B8 at day 75 compared to mice that received chemo alone (n = 2).