Abstract
The microgranular variant (M3V) accounts for 15–20% of patients (pts) with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Historically, it has been associated with a higher white blood cell count (WBC) at diagnosis and an inferior outcome compared to classical morphology. Pts with APL treated with ATRA plus chemotherapy strategies have a 3–5 year DFS of 70–80%. The prognosis of pts with M3V treated with ATRA-containing chemotherapy strategies has not been adequately studied. This analysis included 153 patients with M3V entered on the North American Intergroup protocol 0129 (INT0129), a randomized phase III study of either ATRA (INT, ATRA)or daunorubicin/cytarabine for induction (INT, DA) and ATRA maintenance or observation after intensive consolidation or PETHEMA protocols LPA96 and LPA99 in which all pts received ATRA plus idarubicin for induction, intensive consolidation and ATRA plus low-dose chemotherapy for maintenance (PETHEMA, ATRA). The median age was 39 years (range 3–79), the median WBC was 14.5 K/μL (range 0.4–550), and the median platelet count was 25 K/μL (range 1.8 – 207.0). The median follow-up time for pts on INT0129 is 9.7 years, and for pts on PETHEMA LPA96 and LPA99 is 3.2 years. The 3-year disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses are shown in the table below.
| . | N . | Median (in mo) (95% CI) . | DFS p-value . | N . | Median (in mo) (95% CI) . | OS p-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *comparison between ATRA (INT+PETHEMA) and DA; **comparison among WBC groups. NE: not estimable or not reached in this analysis | ||||||
| INT+PETHEMA, ATRA | 106 | NE | 77% <0.0001* | 128 | NE | 75% <0.0001* |
| INT, ATRA | 19 | NE | 63% | 24 | NE | 71% |
| PETHEMA, ATRA | 87 | NE | 81% | 104 | NE | 76% |
| INT, DA | 20 | 8.3(6.7, 12.6) | 15% | 25 | 19.4(10.4, 41.8) | 32% |
| INT+PETHEMA, ATRA | ||||||
| 0<WBC<10K | 47 | NE | 89% 0.01** | 52 | NE | 90% 0.07** |
| 10K≤WBC<50K | 37 | NE | 78% | 48 | NE | 69% |
| WBC≥50K | 22 | NE | 54% | 28 | NE | 58% |
| INT, DA | ||||||
| 0<WBC<10K | 8 | 8.4(3.0, 24.6) | 13% 0.94** | 10 | 19.5(8.6, 41.8) | 30% 0.32** |
| 10K≤WBC<50K | 6 | 9.2(5.2, 12.6) | 17% | 8 | 56.6(10.3, NE) | 50% |
| WBC≥50K | 6 | 7.9(7.4, 15.9) | 17% | 7 | 13.6(6.8, 22.2) | 14% |
| . | N . | Median (in mo) (95% CI) . | DFS p-value . | N . | Median (in mo) (95% CI) . | OS p-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *comparison between ATRA (INT+PETHEMA) and DA; **comparison among WBC groups. NE: not estimable or not reached in this analysis | ||||||
| INT+PETHEMA, ATRA | 106 | NE | 77% <0.0001* | 128 | NE | 75% <0.0001* |
| INT, ATRA | 19 | NE | 63% | 24 | NE | 71% |
| PETHEMA, ATRA | 87 | NE | 81% | 104 | NE | 76% |
| INT, DA | 20 | 8.3(6.7, 12.6) | 15% | 25 | 19.4(10.4, 41.8) | 32% |
| INT+PETHEMA, ATRA | ||||||
| 0<WBC<10K | 47 | NE | 89% 0.01** | 52 | NE | 90% 0.07** |
| 10K≤WBC<50K | 37 | NE | 78% | 48 | NE | 69% |
| WBC≥50K | 22 | NE | 54% | 28 | NE | 58% |
| INT, DA | ||||||
| 0<WBC<10K | 8 | 8.4(3.0, 24.6) | 13% 0.94** | 10 | 19.5(8.6, 41.8) | 30% 0.32** |
| 10K≤WBC<50K | 6 | 9.2(5.2, 12.6) | 17% | 8 | 56.6(10.3, NE) | 50% |
| WBC≥50K | 6 | 7.9(7.4, 15.9) | 17% | 7 | 13.6(6.8, 22.2) | 14% |
In a Cox regression model, when age, gender, WBC, platelet, Hgb, ATRA treatment (ATRA vs DA), and source of pts (INT vs. PETHEMA) are included, only ATRA induction treatment (HR=0.16, p-value=0.0005) appears to be a significant prognostic factor for DFS, and age, WBC, and ATRA induction treatment (HR=0.38, p-value=0.03) for OS. These data suggest that the outcome for pts with APL M3V is excellent, influenced by the WBC at diagnosis and is not different than that of pts with classical morphology when treated with ATRA-containing strategies.
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