Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a cell-surface receptor required for the survival of plasma cells and is also ubiquitously expressed on MM cells. Belantamab Mafodotin (GSK2857916) is a humanised monoclonal anti-BCMA antibody, which is afucosylated and conjugated to the microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin-F (MMAF). Upon binding to BCMA on the cell surface, belatamab mafodotin is rapidly internalised and the cytotoxic moiety (cys-mcMMAF) is released, leading to direct cell death.
BCMA is directly shed from the plasma membrane by gamma-secretase, a type-I sheddase. In order to further enhance belantamab mafodotin activity, we sought to increase cell surface levels of BCMA by blocking shedding of BCMA with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI). We then determined the effect on the activity of belantamab mafodotin by combining belantamab mafodotin with PF-03084014, a highly-selective GSI. In order to understand combination effects against immuno-conjugate activity, a 3-day proliferation assay on a panel of multiple myeloma and lymphoma cell lines with varying levels of BCMA expression was conducted. The assay showed a 50 to 3,000-fold EC50 shift in cell lines sensitive to belantamab mafodotin across multiple lymphoma cell types.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of belantamab mafodotin in combination with PF-03084014 was also examined. In a 24-hour ADCC Jurkat reporter assay, an EC50 shift across multiple BCMA-expressing cell lines was observed. Even cell lines with very low BCMA expression, such as Raji, showed a synergistic increase in ADCC activity in combination with PF-03084014. Cell lines that were non-responsive in the cell proliferation assay, showed activity in the ADCC assay, indicating low-expressing BCMA cell lines remain sensitive to belantamab mafodotin, alone and in combination with PF-03084014.
Synergistic effect from this preclinical work provided rationale to support clinical evaluation of belantamab mafodotin in combination with PF-03084014 in a planned clinical trial (DREAMM-5).
Eastman:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Shelton:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gupta:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Krueger:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Blackwell:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bojczuk:GlaxoSmithKline: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Author notes
Asterisk with author names denotes non-ASH members.
