Characterization of MHC Class-I Restricted TCRαβ⁺CD4⁻CD8⁻ Double-Negative T Cells Recognizing the gp100 Antigen from a Melanoma Patient after gp100 Vaccination

The immune attack against malignant tumors requires the concerted action of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) as well as CD4⁺ T helper cells. The contribution of T cell receptor (TCR)αβ⁺ CD4⁻ CD8⁻ double-negative (DN) T cells to anti-tumor immune responses is widely unknown. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that DN T cells with a broad TCR repertoire are present in humans in the peripheral blood and the lymph nodes of healthy individuals. Here we characterize a human DN T cell clone (T4H2) recognizing an HLA-A2-restricted melanoma-associated antigenic gp100-peptide isolated from the peripheral blood of a melanoma patient. Antigen recognition by the T4H2 DN clone resulted in specific secretion of IFN-γ and TNF. Although lacking the CD8 molecule the gp100-specifc DN T cell clone was able to confer antigen-specific cytotoxicity against gp100-loaded target cells as well as HLA-A2⁺ gp100 expressing melanoma cells. The cytotoxic capacity was found to be perforin/granzymeB-dependent. Together, these data indicate that functionally active antigen-specific DN T cells recognizing MHC class I-restricted tumor-associated antigen (TAA) may contribute to anti-tumor immunity in vivo.