Genetically determined susceptibility to cancer

This review summarizes evidence for genes that exist in humans that affect susceptibility to cancer. It is not possible yet to precisely describe the relationship between so-called “cancer gene(s)” and carcinogenesis. Among the questions that remain open is the nature of the events that must occur in individuals with a cancer gene before clinically significant cancer develops. Regardless of the nature of such events, there is evidence that a genetically determined factor can be important in the initial or early steps in malignant transformation of cells. A major challenge in cancer research in the coming years will be the characterization of “cancer gene(s).” Such studies will have profound implications not only for understanding the nature of carcinogenesis, but also for the development of new approaches to detection and treatment of cancer.