Abstract
^Salhotra, Srour, Lowsky and Abedi contributed equally
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) can be curative for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant disorders, but until recent years, access has been limited to patients with HLA-matched donors. The increased utilization of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has enabled patients to receive alloHSCT with haploidentical (haplo) related donors; however, high rates of cGVHD following myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens and high rates of relapse following reduced intensity conditioning regimens have been observed with this approach. Thus, GVHD-and-relapse free survival (GRFS) rates in this population at 1-year post-transplant remain low. Haplo alloHSCT with PTCy is also associated with high incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and infections. Orca-Q -an investigational precision engineered cell therapy- represents an alternative strategy which may be administered with single agent prophylaxis and does not require PTCy. The cellular composition of Orca-Q consists of enriched CD34+ stem cells combined with specific T- cell subsets and is intended to reconstitute the blood and immune systems. Orca-Q is hypothesized to reduce GVHD, relapse, and serious infections.
Methods: Adult patients (18 to 65 years) with high-risk hematologic malignancies undergoing myeloablative conditioning (MAC) alloHSCT were enrolled between January 2019 to July 2022 on the haplo donor dose expansion arm of a multicenter phase 1 study of Orca-Q (NCT03802695). Haplo was defined as ≥ 4/8 but < 7/8 matched related donor at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 typed using DNA-based high-resolution. Patients received only single agent tacrolimus (starting on day -1 and taper day +60 if no GVHD) as GVHD prophylaxis. PTCy was not permitted.
The Orca-Q drug product was manufactured centrally at Orca Bio Manufacturing Site in Sacramento, CA from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood apheresis.
Results: The Orca-Q drug product was successfully manufactured and delivered to all subjects with a vein-to-vein time of less than 72 hours. A total of 21 patients (11 AML, 8 ALL, 2 CML in blast crisis) with > 30 days of follow up were included in this analysis. All were 4/8 HLA match at HLA-A, -B, C, and DRB1. Median age of subjects was 44 years (range 21 - 63) and median follow-up was 333 days (range 39 - 1020). Disease risk index (DRI) score was available in 20 showing 2 very high, 3 high, 13 intermediate, and 2 low risk categories. The M:F ratio was 12:9. Patients received either TBI (n=13) or non-TBI (n=8) based MAC regimens. 2 patients had Gr 1 CRS (CTCAE v5). Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment times were 13 days (range 8 - 25) and 16 days (range 12 - 25), respectively. 1 secondary engraftment failure was observed. The estimated incidence of BMT CTN MOP3 infections was 27% at 1 year.
The estimated incidence of gr 2-4 aGVHD at 6 months was 14% which compares favorably with literature reports of 21% to 63% for gr 2-4 aGVHD in patients undergoing haplo transplant with PTCy-based prophylaxis.[1-5] Likewise, gr 3-4 aGVHD was rare with Orca-Q with only 1 case of gr 3 aGVHD and no gr 4 aGVHD.
Of the 16 patients who had at least 3 months follow up, only 1 developed mild cGVHD. No patients had moderate-to-severe cGVHD, a notable improvement compared to historic rates of 24% to 31% for moderate-to-severe cGVHD with PTCy, despite the fact that Orca-Q patients receive only single agent GVHD prophylaxis.[1-4] 2 patients experienced disease relapse and there was a total of 5 deaths (2 due to relapse, 1 Aspergillus pulmonary infection, 1 respiratory failure associated with renal failure, and 1 COVID infection).
GVHD-and-relapse free survival (GRFS) was 71% at 1 year with Orca-Q (Figure 1) which compares favorably to a GRFS of 46% reported by Sanz in the context of MAC haplo alloHSCT with PTCy.[2]
Conclusions: Initial Orca-Q data demonstrates good clinical outcomes with single agent tacrolimus and no PTCy or MMF. Patients treated with Orca-Q experienced a low adverse event profile, low incidence and severity of both aGVHD and cGVHD, and improved GRFS rates, offering a potential new treatment option for patients undergoing haplo alloHSCT. This phase 1 study of Orca-Q continues to enroll patients with haplo donors across the US.
References (1) Gooptu, M., et al. (2) Sanz, J., et al. (3) Wagner, J.E., et al. (4) Baker, M., et al. (5) Bashey, A., et al.
Disclosures
Salhotra:BMS: Research Funding; Kadmon: Other: Advisory board meeting ; Orca Bio: Research Funding. Srour:Orca Bio: Research Funding. Hoeg:Orca Bio: Research Funding. Saad:Orca Bio: Research Funding; CareDx: Consultancy; In8Bio Inc: Patents & Royalties; Kite: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Magenta Pharma: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. Meyer:indee labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Triursus Therapeutics: Other: Co-founder, scientific advisor; Orca Bio: Research Funding; GigaGen: Other: Co-founder, scientific advisor. Pavlova:Orca Bio: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Research Funding. Waller:Orca Bio: Research Funding; Verastem Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Chao:Orca Bio: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. McClellan:Orca Bio: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Fernhoff:Orca Bio: Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Lowsky:Orca Bio: Research Funding. Abedi:CytoDyn: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Orca Bio: Research Funding; Kite, a Gilead Company: Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau.
