Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) are an important prognostic marker in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Isolated chromosome 13q has been considered standard risk when identified by I-FISH and high risk by conventional cytogenetics. The impact of additional cytogenetic abnormalities with chromosome 13q identified by I-FISH in regards to prognosis has not been fully defined. In this report, we describe the outcome of patient’s with multiple myeloma with isolated chromosome 13q and 13q+ (additional cytogenetic abnormalities) identified by I-FISH at our institution between January 2003 and January 2013 and had I-FISH analysis prior to treatment.
The primary objective was to compare patient’s outcomes in regards to response, time to progression, and overall survival between patients who had an isolated 13q and 13q+ identified by I-FISH in the bone marrow plasma cells. Kaplan & Meier curves were generated to calculate overall survival (OS) between the two groups.
Between January 2003 and January 2013, we identified 76 patients by I-FISH who had either an isolated 13q or 13q+ in patients with multiple myeloma (Patient characteristics Table 1). Of the patients with an isolated 13q abnormality 33% received a bortezomib-based regimen and 38% in the 13q+ group. Of the patient’s with a isolated 13q 38% went onto receive high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) while 20% with a 13q+ received ASCT. African American patients with 13q consisted of 65% and 60% with 13q+ in our patient population. For the 13q or 13q+ who underwent high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant OS was 85% compared to the non-transplant group 45% (p=0.01) (Figure 2). On follow up at a median of 2.5 years mortality occurred in 31% of the 13q patients compared to 62% in the 13q+ group. The overall survival at 5 years was 25% in the 13q+ group compared to 65% in the patient’s with an isolated 13q, With the 13q+ group having an overall poor OS (p=0.03)
Patient Characteristics and Outcome
| 13q (n=42) | 13q+ (n=34) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 (88-44) | 13q+ (n=34) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 19 (45%) | 15 |
| Female | 23 (55%) | 19 (55%) |
| Race | ||
| White | 13 (30%) | 11 (32%) |
| African American | 27 (65%) | 20 (60%) |
| Other | 2 | 3 |
| International Staging System at diagnosis | ||
| I | 5(15%) | |
| II | 3(7%) | 4(12%) |
| III | 26(62%) | 30(88%) |
| Plamacytoma | 9 (21%) | 12(35%) |
| Bortezomib based Induction | ||
| Regimen | 14(33%) | 13(38%) |
| Conditioning regimen Melphlan | 16(38%) | 7(20%) |
| IgG | 21(51%) | 19(56%) |
| IgA | 8(20%) | 9(26%) |
| IgM | 4(9%) | |
| Mortality | 13(31%) | 21(62%) |
| Overall survival | 65% | 25% |
| 13q (n=42) | 13q+ (n=34) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 (88-44) | 13q+ (n=34) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 19 (45%) | 15 |
| Female | 23 (55%) | 19 (55%) |
| Race | ||
| White | 13 (30%) | 11 (32%) |
| African American | 27 (65%) | 20 (60%) |
| Other | 2 | 3 |
| International Staging System at diagnosis | ||
| I | 5(15%) | |
| II | 3(7%) | 4(12%) |
| III | 26(62%) | 30(88%) |
| Plamacytoma | 9 (21%) | 12(35%) |
| Bortezomib based Induction | ||
| Regimen | 14(33%) | 13(38%) |
| Conditioning regimen Melphlan | 16(38%) | 7(20%) |
| IgG | 21(51%) | 19(56%) |
| IgA | 8(20%) | 9(26%) |
| IgM | 4(9%) | |
| Mortality | 13(31%) | 21(62%) |
| Overall survival | 65% | 25% |
Difference in Overall Survival by Chromosome Abnormality.
Difference in Overall Survival by Autologous Transplant.
Patients who harbor the 13q and additional cytogenetic abnormalities identified by I-FISH have a significant worse outcome compared to patients with an isolated 13q. These patients should be considered high risk and consideration for treatment with novel agents and autologous stem cell transplant followed by post-transplant maintenance therapy should be considered.
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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