Subjects:
BloodWork, Free Research Articles, Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells, Lymphoid Neoplasia, Myeloid Neoplasia
Topics:
chronic b-cell leukemias, leukemia, mast-cell, leukemia, myelomonocytic, chronic
An 88-year-old man presented with anemia (hemoglobin, 10.3 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 74 × 109/L). Peripheral blood smear showed prominent leukocytosis (white blood cells, 37.3 × 109/L) with dysplastic granulocytes, monocytosis (4.1 × 109/L), eosinophilia (4.5 × 109/L), absolute lymphocytosis (lymphocytes, 6.7 × 109/L), and no circulating blast or mast cells. Biopsy and clot sections revealed 60% to 70% cellular marrow with 2 types of infiltrates: mast cell clusters (positive for CD25, CD117, and tryptase) representing 30% to 40% of marrow cellularity (panels A-F; [A-B] original magnification ×400 [A] and ×1000 [B], hematoxylin and eosin stain; [B-F] original magnification ×1000, dual immunostain of CD19 [pink] and LEF1 [brown] [C], CD117 immunostain [D]; tryptase immunostain [E], and CD25 immunostain [F]), and lymphoid infiltrates positive for CD19/LEF1, involving 20% to 30% medullary space (panels A,C). Aspirate smears showed dysplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors, increased eosinophils, and mast cells (25%). The mast cells varied in size from small to giant with anaplastic features and a variable amount of granular cytoplasm (panels G-I; original magnification ×1000, Wright-Giemsa stain). Flow cytometry detected CD5+/CD23+ monoclonal B cells with λ light chain expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were positive for 5q deletion and trisomy 8. A diagnosis of aleukemic variant of mast cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma was rendered. / Mast cell neoplasms are often associated with other hematopoietic neoplasms, including CMML and myelodysplastic syndrome. Most mast cell leukemia cases are an aleukemic type. This case illustrates the rare association of mast cell leukemia with both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms in 1 patient.
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An 88-year-old man presented with anemia (hemoglobin, 10.3 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 74 × 109/L). Peripheral blood smear showed prominent leukocytosis (white blood cells, 37.3 × 109/L) with dysplastic granulocytes, monocytosis (4.1 × 109/L), eosinophilia (4.5 × 109/L), absolute lymphocytosis (lymphocytes, 6.7 × 109/L), and no circulating blast or mast cells. Biopsy and clot sections revealed 60% to 70% cellular marrow with 2 types of infiltrates: mast cell clusters (positive for CD25, CD117, and tryptase) representing 30% to 40% of marrow cellularity (panels A-F; [A-B] original magnification ×400 [A] and ×1000 [B], hematoxylin and eosin stain; [B-F] original magnification ×1000, dual immunostain of CD19 [pink] and LEF1 [brown] [C], CD117 immunostain [D]; tryptase immunostain [E], and CD25 immunostain [F]), and lymphoid infiltrates positive for CD19/LEF1, involving 20% to 30% medullary space (panels A,C). Aspirate smears showed dysplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors, increased eosinophils, and mast cells (25%). The mast cells varied in size from small to giant with anaplastic features and a variable amount of granular cytoplasm (panels G-I; original magnification ×1000, Wright-Giemsa stain). Flow cytometry detected CD5+/CD23+ monoclonal B cells with λ light chain expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were positive for 5q deletion and trisomy 8. A diagnosis of aleukemic variant of mast cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma was rendered.

Mast cell neoplasms are often associated with other hematopoietic neoplasms, including CMML and myelodysplastic syndrome. Most mast cell leukemia cases are an aleukemic type. This case illustrates the rare association of mast cell leukemia with both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms in 1 patient.

An 88-year-old man presented with anemia (hemoglobin, 10.3 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 74 × 109/L). Peripheral blood smear showed prominent leukocytosis (white blood cells, 37.3 × 109/L) with dysplastic granulocytes, monocytosis (4.1 × 109/L), eosinophilia (4.5 × 109/L), absolute lymphocytosis (lymphocytes, 6.7 × 109/L), and no circulating blast or mast cells. Biopsy and clot sections revealed 60% to 70% cellular marrow with 2 types of infiltrates: mast cell clusters (positive for CD25, CD117, and tryptase) representing 30% to 40% of marrow cellularity (panels A-F; [A-B] original magnification ×400 [A] and ×1000 [B], hematoxylin and eosin stain; [B-F] original magnification ×1000, dual immunostain of CD19 [pink] and LEF1 [brown] [C], CD117 immunostain [D]; tryptase immunostain [E], and CD25 immunostain [F]), and lymphoid infiltrates positive for CD19/LEF1, involving 20% to 30% medullary space (panels A,C). Aspirate smears showed dysplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors, increased eosinophils, and mast cells (25%). The mast cells varied in size from small to giant with anaplastic features and a variable amount of granular cytoplasm (panels G-I; original magnification ×1000, Wright-Giemsa stain). Flow cytometry detected CD5+/CD23+ monoclonal B cells with λ light chain expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were positive for 5q deletion and trisomy 8. A diagnosis of aleukemic variant of mast cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma was rendered. / Mast cell neoplasms are often associated with other hematopoietic neoplasms, including CMML and myelodysplastic syndrome. Most mast cell leukemia cases are an aleukemic type. This case illustrates the rare association of mast cell leukemia with both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms in 1 patient.
View largeDownload PPT

An 88-year-old man presented with anemia (hemoglobin, 10.3 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 74 × 109/L). Peripheral blood smear showed prominent leukocytosis (white blood cells, 37.3 × 109/L) with dysplastic granulocytes, monocytosis (4.1 × 109/L), eosinophilia (4.5 × 109/L), absolute lymphocytosis (lymphocytes, 6.7 × 109/L), and no circulating blast or mast cells. Biopsy and clot sections revealed 60% to 70% cellular marrow with 2 types of infiltrates: mast cell clusters (positive for CD25, CD117, and tryptase) representing 30% to 40% of marrow cellularity (panels A-F; [A-B] original magnification ×400 [A] and ×1000 [B], hematoxylin and eosin stain; [B-F] original magnification ×1000, dual immunostain of CD19 [pink] and LEF1 [brown] [C], CD117 immunostain [D]; tryptase immunostain [E], and CD25 immunostain [F]), and lymphoid infiltrates positive for CD19/LEF1, involving 20% to 30% medullary space (panels A,C). Aspirate smears showed dysplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors, increased eosinophils, and mast cells (25%). The mast cells varied in size from small to giant with anaplastic features and a variable amount of granular cytoplasm (panels G-I; original magnification ×1000, Wright-Giemsa stain). Flow cytometry detected CD5+/CD23+ monoclonal B cells with λ light chain expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were positive for 5q deletion and trisomy 8. A diagnosis of aleukemic variant of mast cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma was rendered.

Mast cell neoplasms are often associated with other hematopoietic neoplasms, including CMML and myelodysplastic syndrome. Most mast cell leukemia cases are an aleukemic type. This case illustrates the rare association of mast cell leukemia with both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms in 1 patient.

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© 2017 by The American Society of Hematology
2017
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